Skip to Main Content

Bluebook Guide: Main Elements

This guide introduces the Bluebook's uniform system of legal citation. This guide is best used in conjunction with the Bluebook.

Short Overview

Please review Bluepage B10 and Whitepage R10 carefully (particularly R10.2.1 on general rules for case names), as they provide guidance on case citations. These rules are comprehensive and contain detailed instructions and examples on formatting case citations. Besides citing cases, R10 also provides direction on citing briefs, court filings, and transcripts, among other things.

Whitepage Rules

Case Names  R10.2, pp. 96-103
Reporters & Other Sources R10.3, pp.103-05
Court and Jurisdiction R10.4, pp. 105-07
Date or Year R10.5, p. 107
Parenthetical Information R10.6, pp. 108-09
Prior & Subsequent History R10.7, pp. 109-12
Special Citation Forms R10.8, p. 112-16
Short Forms for Cases R10.9, pp. 116-18

Bluepage Rules

As noted previously, the Bluepages provide easy-to-use directions for general citation needs for judges, law clerks, practitioners, other legal professionals, and law students.  Guidance for case citation is set forth in B10, pp. 11-18.

Important Tables

It is important to consult the following tables in addition to R10 to ensure proper case citation. As you will discover, The Bluebook contains a substantial amount of material on abbreviations.

T1, pp. 227-98 This table contains a list of reporters and corresponding abbreviations, courts and corresponding abbreviations, and preferred sources to cite for federal courts and each state's courts.
T2, p. 299 The material on Foreign Jurisdictions is online.
T3, pp. 299-302 Information on Intergovernmental Organizations.
T4, 302-03 Treaty Sources
T5, p. 303 Arbitral Reporters
T6, 304-07 This table sets forth abbreviations for terms used in case names (e.g., America[n] = Am., Association = Ass’n, Institut[e, ion] = Inst., and University = Univ.).
T7, pp. 307-10 This table has abbreviations for court names that can be used if a court abbreviation is not provided in T1.
T8, p. 310 Explanatory Phrases
T9, p. 311 Legislative Documents
T10, pp. 312-18 This table provides abbreviations for geographical terms, including U.S. states and cities, as well as foreign countries (e.g., Alaska = Alaska, Chicago = Chi., Illinois = Ill., Philadelphia = Phila., Slovenia = Slovn., and United Stated of America = U.S.).
T11, p. 319 Judges & Officials
T12, p. 319 Months (Generally, three-letter abbreviations except for June and Sept.)
T13, pp. 320-322 Contains abbreviations for institutional names in periodical titles (this table will come in handy for citation to a law review article.  
T14, p. 323 Publishing Terms
T15, pp. 323-327 This table contains abbreviations for an assortment of service publishers.
T16, pp. 327-328

Contains abbreviations for subdivisions, like chapter (ch.), table (tbl.), amendment (amend.), article (art.),  and supplement (supp.).  Note that paragraphs and sections have specific instructions.  

  • If a paragraph symbol(s) appear(s) in source use ¶ or ¶¶, for other paragraph(s) usage it will be para. or paras.
  • For section(s) usage in an amending act use § or §§, in all other contexts use sec. or secs.